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Simon of Cyrene (שמעון "Hearkening; listening", Standard Hebrew Šimʿon, Tiberian Hebrew Šimʿôn) was the man compelled by the Romans to carry the cross of Jesus as Jesus was taken to his crucifixion, according to all three Synoptic Gospels. : And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross.〔 His home town, Cyrene, Libya, was located in northern Africa. Cyrene, a Greek colony, also had a Jewish community where 100,000 Judean Jews had been forced to settle during the reign of Ptolemy Soter (323–285 BC) and was an early center of Christianity. Cyrene was supposedly the destination of many "Sicari" ''dagger men'' who fled the Roman legions at the time of the Jewish Revolt. This was later to precipitate further Jewish insurrection in the area in the reign of Hadrian and Trajan. The ''Cyrenian Jews'' had a synagogue in Jerusalem, where many went for annual feasts.〔T.A. Bryant, compiler. ''Today's Dictionary of the Bible''. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1982. Page 580.〕 Tradition states his sons Rufus and Alexander became missionaries; the inclusion of their names in ''Mark 15:21'' may suggest that they were of some standing in the Early Christian community at Rome. It has also been suggested that the Rufus mentioned by Paul in Romans 16:13 is the son of Simon of Cyrene.〔Walter W. Wessel. "Mark." In ''The Expositor's Bible Commentary'', Frank E. Gaebelein, ed. Vol. 8. Grand Rapids: Regency (Zondervan), 1984. Page 778.〕 Some also link Simon himself with the "men of Cyrene" who preached the Gospel to the Greeks in Acts 11:20.〔 On the other hand, Simon's name does not prove he was Jewish, and Alexander and Rufus were both common names and may have referred to others.〔D. A. Carson, "Matthew". In ''The Expositor's Bible Commentary'', Frank E. Gaebelein, ed. Vol. 8. Grand Rapids: Regency (Zondervan), 1984. Page 575.〕 Simon's act of carrying the cross for Jesus is the fifth or seventh of the Stations of the Cross.〔(The liturgy for the fifth Station of the Cross ) at catholic.org〕 Some interpret the passage as indicating that Simon was chosen because he may have shown sympathy with Jesus.〔 Others point out that the text itself says nothing, that he had no choice, and that there is no basis to consider the carrying of the cross an act of sympathetic generosity.〔 ''The Passion of the Christ'' film portrays him as a Jew being forced by the Romans to carry the cross, who at first is unwilling, but as the journey to Mount Calvary continues, shows compassion to Jesus and helps him make it to the top. According to some Gnostic traditions, Simon of Cyrene, by mistaken identity, suffered the events leading up to the crucifixion, and died on the cross instead of Jesus. This is the story presented in the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, although it is unclear whether Simon or another actually died on the cross.〔Willis Barnstone and Marvin Meyer, eds. ''The Gnostic Bible''. Boston: Shambhala, 2002. Pages 465, 469-470.〕 This is part of a belief held by some Gnostics that Jesus was not of flesh, but only took on the appearance of flesh (see also Basilides, Irenaeus, and Swoon hypothesis). A burial cave in Kidron Valley discovered in 1941 by E. L. Sukenik, belonging to Cyrenian Jews and dating before AD 70, was found to have an ossuary inscribed twice in Greek "Alexander Son of Simon." It cannot, however, be certain that this refers to the same person.〔N. Avigad, "A Depository of Inscribed Ossuaries in the Kidron Valley," ''Israel Exploration Journal'' 12 (): 1–12; cited in D. A. Carson, "Matthew". In ''The Expositor's Bible Commentary'', Frank E. Gaebelein, ed. Vol. 8. Grand Rapids: Regency (Zondervan), 1984. Page 575.〕〔James H. Charlesworth (editor), ''Jesus and Archaeology'', page 338 (Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2006). ISBN 0-8028-4880-X〕 ==Cyrenian movement== The Cyrenian or Simon movement, centered in the United Kingdom and Ireland, takes its name from Simon of Cyrene. It has as its guiding principle "sharing the burden" which it uses to explain its approach to providing services to homeless and other disadvantaged groups in society, often using volunteers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Edinburgh Cyrenians History and Development )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Simon of Cyrene」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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